Guidelines
Credibility and Clarity
All
rules about writing are rules of thumb; every rule about writing can
be broken, provided that you know what you are trying to achieve by
breaking it. What the rules are all about, though, is assuring that
the text you write is one that your intended public can easily follow
and that they have reason to believe in. If you are writing science
fiction your readers won't necessarily believe in the possibility of
faster-than-light travel but they should find the characters' actions
credible. When you are writing a report of your chemistry research,
you want your audience to be able to follow you through the tests and
calculations. The trick with writing is anticipating the wants and needs
of the intended audience and then providing them, keeping in mind that
they can, and will, lay the text aside, unless their curiosity has been
sufficiently enticed.
Clarity
The
kind of language you use lays down certain borders as pertaining to
the clarity of the text you are writing. In short, use language appropriate
to the subject and to the intended audience. Delving deeply into Einstein's
theory of special relativity when you are analyzing a poem for a Literature
class might impress your teacher but is more likely to lower your grade
because it was annoying. In sentences, as in paragraphs, put together
what belongs together, avoid confusing your reader by using overly complicated
sentence structures. Use terminology when necessary, but keep it to
a practical minimum.
Assure yourself that you know the correct meaning, both explicit and
implicit, of words you use; if you happen to write about primates, refresh
your memory on the precise difference between apes and monkeys. Approach
complex problems by analyzing their component parts in a logical order.
When possible, use examples to illustrate your point and thus prevent
yourself from falling into generalizations.
Credibility
Assuming
that you want people to read what you write, clear writing alone isn't
going to be enough. When your argument contains fallacies or when you
confuse opinions with facts, your audience will notice and will doubt
your knowledge. When writing an essay, be critical, both of your sources
and of your reasoning. If you mean to convince someone of your point
of view, use sound reasoning and sensible language, raving and ranting
will more likely convince your readers that you're a madman and an overabundance
of colloquialisms that you're no more than an uninformed country bumpkin.
Be sure to throw some light on possible counterclaims, and to discuss
why they are meritable or, more likely, deceptive. Giving all parties
some time to speak assures your audience that you are familiar with
the opposition's standpoint, due to careful research. Outscoring your
opposition works better than ignoring them. In your argument, take care
to avoid fallacious reasoning, using words like 'we', or, 'everybody',
will make your reader wonder how you came by this knowledge, can you
prove that 'everybody' agrees with what you are positing? Probably not.